The Shetland's origins go back over a thousand years, probably to sheep brought to the Shetland Islands by Viking settlers. They belong to the Northern European short-tailed group which also contains the Finnsheep, Norwegian Spaelsau, Icelandics, Romanovs and others.
The Shetland is one of the smallest of British breeds and it retains many of the characteristics of wild sheep. Today they are considered a primitive or "unimproved" breed. Rams usually weigh 90 to 125 pounds and ewes about 75 to 100 pounds. Rams usually have spiral horns, whereas the ewes are typically polled. They are fine-boned and their naturally short, fluke-shaped tails do not require docking.
Shetland wool:
Shetland wool has a Bradford count usually in the upper 50's to lower 60's and a fiber diameter range of 20 -25 microns. Fleeces usually weigh between 2 and 4 pounds (1-1 1/2 kg) and have a staple length of 2 to 4.5 inches (50-120mm).
Shetland comes in one of the widest ranges of colors of any breed. Besides the white, the sheep produce several shades of wool including moorit(reddy/brown), shaela (silvery grey), fawn, grey, dark brown and black. They are often patterned such as krunet (white crown), katmoget (dark belly) and gulmoget (light underneath). There are 11 main colors as well as 30 markings, many still bearing their Shetland dialect names. Unfortunately, many of these colors and markings have become quite rare as white wool has historically commanded better prices.
The wool color and high quality
is commercially important to the wool industry of the
islands where natural wools are often used undyed to make
high quality shetland knitwear. Extra fine ring shawls
are knitted, so called because the finest can be passed
through a wedding ring. In the UK as a whole the wool is
prized by handspinners.
Shetland sheep are very hardy, good mothers, easy lambers and produce plenty of milk. When crossed with an early maturing terminal sire (such as a Ryeland) the fat lambs make excellent eating and dress out well. Purebred Shetland meat is highly regarded on taste, but is slow to mature and wethers are often run through to shearlings.
The breed society for the Shetland Islands is the Shetland Flock Book Society. On the mainland UK the Shetland Sheep Breeders Group (SSBG) act as the breed society and also have foreign members (mainly US). Both groups are based on the breed standard set in the 1920s.
In the US the North American Shetland Sheepbreeders Association (NASSA) was established in coordination with the Shetland Sheep Breeders' Group of the Rare Breeds Survival Trust in the UK. The purpose of the association is to assist breeders of Shetland Sheep in North America in maintaining the purity and quality of the breed and to provide accurate registration and pedigree records for informed breeding decisions.
The number of pedigree animals is approximately 2,000 breeding ewes in the UK which is an increase over the last ten years. They are now classed as a minority breed under the Rare Breeds Survival Trust (RBST) having previously been a rare breed.
The sheep in the top picture, the black one, is Wycoller Anita who won the SSBG Northern Championship in 1995 and was dam to the Champion at the same Show in 1997. The second picture is of a black Wycoller ram lamb. Good black fleeces are difficult to get, but this is a good example.
White Shetland Flock Book Trust "type"
ram in full fleece.